Legal Framework
Articles 14, 15, and 16 of the Constitution prohibit discrimination on grounds of race, caste, religion, sex, or place of birth and guarantee equal opportunity in employment
The Labour Codes do not define race discrimination as a separate category, but embed equality principles through specific obligations
The Code on Wages, 2019 mandates equal remuneration for equal work, preventing wage discrimination rooted in race or caste
The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 obligates employers to maintain workplaces free from discriminatory practices and ensure dignity and equal treatment
Remedies
Claims before labour authorities, Industrial Tribunals, or constitutional courts
Relief can include reinstatement, compensation, or injunctive orders against discriminatory practices
Race discrimination is prohibited by virtue of constitutional guarantees and reinforced by statutory labour provisions, even without a standalone statutory head
How We Can Help
Legal advisory — guidance on constitutional rights and remedies under the Labour Codes
Complaint drafting — regulator-ready complaints, petitions, and escalation letters to labour authorities or courts
Representation before labour tribunals, industrial authorities, and constitutional courts
Compensation claims — reinstatement, back wages, or damages for discriminatory practices
Awareness and training — grievance mechanisms, workplace rights, and documenting discrimination
Policy challenge — contesting biased HR policies or practices that indirectly perpetuate race/caste discrimination
